The proposed site of the Rosemont Copper mining project is in the Santa Rita Mountains in Southern Arizona.
A federal court ruling against a planned Arizona mining project is expected to have national repercussions if upheld by higher courts, experts said.
The mining industry has decried the ruling against the proposed $1.9 billion Rosemont Mine, The Arizona Daily Star reported.
The U.S. Forest Service's approval of plans for the new copper mine in southeastern Arizona was overruled July 31 by U.S. District Court Judge James Soto.
Conservation and tribal groups praised the ruling, saying it recognized the Forest Service's failure to protect public land and resources.
Toronto-based Hudbay Minerals Inc. has said it would appeal the ruling blocking construction of its project southeast of Tucson.
The mining project was planned to be a half-mile deep and a mile wide and spread across federal, state and private land. The mountainous area is home to endangered jaguars and cougars, black bears and deer, as well as the Madera Canyon, one of the premier U.S. bird-watching spots.
If upheld, the ruling would make opening a large mine on public lands very difficult, said John Leshy, a former Interior Department solicitor and retired law professor.
The hard-rock mining industry has lived under a favorable legal climate since Congress passed the 1872 Mining Law to encourage mineral exploration of public lands. The ruling will almost certainly force the industry to push Congress to overturn the law, he said.
The mine was expected to create 500 full-time jobs and 2,500 construction jobs, but would disturb 5.7 square miles of national forest.
Two lawsuits filed by opponents of the Forest Service approval — four environmental groups and three tribes — successfully argued that only public lands directly above valuable mineral deposits are covered by the 1872 law's definition of mining rights.
Soto found the Forest Service erred in approving the mine without determining the validity of claims on public land where Hudbay Minerals planned to dump waste rock and tailings.
"This ruling affirms the fundamental principle that nobody gets a free pass to destroy our public lands," said Stu Gillespie, an attorney for environmental law firm Earthjustice.
Mining company attorneys said the ruling usurps the role of government agencies, could bring chaos to federal mining reviews and will add delays in permitting.
The order is "likely the most significant federal court decision on federal mining law in several decades," Phoenix-based mining industry lawyers James Allen and Michael Ford wrote in an online article.
They said the ruling "will likely be received with shock throughout the hard rock mining industry."
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